DNA Deamination: Mechanism, Mutation, and Genome Stability

DNA is constantly under threat from chemical damage. Understanding how fundamental processes like deamination alter the genetic code is essential for studying molecular biology and disease. This course provides a foundational understanding of deamination, one of the most common spontaneous chemical changes affecting DNA nucleotides. You will learn precisely how this damage occurs, how it leads to mispairing during replication, and the crucial repair mechanisms the cell employs to maintain genetic integrity. What you'll learn: * Understand the fundamental structure of DNA and RNA bases and the definition of spontaneous chemical damage. * Learn the specific chemical pathways of deamination for cytosine, adenine, and guanine, and the resulting base substitutions. * Apply knowledge of base pairing rules to predict the specific point mutations (transitions) caused by deaminated bases during DNA replication. * Analyze the critical role of the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway in identifying and correcting deamination damage before permanent mutation occurs. * Practice identifying factors that increase mutation risk, such as the presence of single-stranded DNA regions and reactive oxygen species. The material begins with an overview of nucleotide chemistry and replication fundamentals before progressing into the specific chemical reactions of deamination. The course concludes by examining the cellular systems responsible for DNA damage surveillance and repair. This course is designed for absolute beginners in molecular genetics, biology students, or anyone seeking a deep, text-based explanation of DNA mutation mechanisms. No prior knowledge of biochemistry or genetics is required. Start reading today to unlock the secrets of genome stability.